Updated January 1, 2009
The Swedish Empathy Center recommends the following articles by Martin L. Hoffman:
Hoffman, M. L. (1977). Sex differences in empathy and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 712-722.
Hoffman, M. L. (1990). Empathy and justice motivation. Motivation and Emotion. Special Issue: Empathy, 14, 151-172.
Hoffman, M. L. (1991). Is empathy altruistic? Psychological Inquiry, 2, 131-133.
Hoffman, M. L., & Levine, L. E. (1976). Early sex differences in empathy. Developmental Psychology, 12, 557-558.
Levine, L. E., & Hoffman, M. L. (1975). Empathy and cooperation in 4-year-olds. Developmental Psychology, 11, 533-534.
Sagi, A., & Hoffman, M. L. (1976). Empathic distress in the newborn. Developmental Psychology, 12, 175-176.
Thompson, R. A., & Hoffman, M. L. (1980). Empathy and development of guilt in children. Developmental Psychology, 16, 155-156.